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Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels on one axle, usually in a leading truck, eight powered and coupled driving wheels on four axles, and two trailing wheels on one axle, also usually in a trailing truck. This configuration of steam locomotive is most often referred to as a Mikado, frequently shortened to Mike, but at times it was also referred to on some railroads in the United States of America as the McAdoo Mikado and, during World War II, the MacArthur.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Ask Trains for August 2006 )〕 Other equivalent classifications are: * UIC classification: 1D1 (also known as German and Italian classifications) * French classification: 141 (also known as Spanish classification) * Turkish classification: 46 * Swiss classification: 4/6 The notation 2-8-2T indicates a tank locomotive of this wheel arrangement on which the water is carried in tanks mounted on the locomotive, rather than in an attached tender. ==Overview== The 2-8-2 wheel arrangement allowed the locomotive's firebox to be placed behind instead of above the driving wheels, thereby allowing a larger firebox that could be both wide and deep. This supported a greater rate of combustion and thus a greater capacity for steam generation, allowing for more power at higher speeds. Allied with the larger driving wheel diameter that was possible when they did not impinge on the firebox, meant that the 2-8-2 was capable of higher speeds than a 2-8-0 with a heavy train. These locomotives did not suffer from the imbalance of reciprocating parts as much as did the 2-6-2 or the , because the center of gravity was between the second and third drivers instead of above the center driver. The very first 2-8-2 locomotive was built in 1884. They were originally named "Calumets" by Angus Sinclair, in reference to the 2-8-2 engines built for the Chicago & Calumet Terminal Railway (C&CT). However, this name did not take hold.〔LeMassena, Robert. (1993). ''America's Workhorse Locomotive: the 2-8-2''. Quadrant Press, Inc., p. 6. ISBN 0-915276-54-2〕 The class name "Mikado" originated from a group of Japanese type 9700 2-8-2 locomotives that were built by Baldwin Locomotive Works for the gauge Nippon Railway of Japan in 1897. In the 19th century, the Emperor of Japan was often referred to as "the Mikado" in English. Also, the Gilbert and Sullivan opera ''The Mikado'' had premiered in 1885, and achieved great popularity in both Britain and America.〔(Japan Railway & Transport Review No. 29 ) - retrieved 26 October 2006. (Archived ) 2013-06-21.〕 The 2-8-2 was one of the more common configurations in the first half of the 20th century, before dieselization. Between 1917 and 1944 nearly 2,200 of this type were constructed by the American Locomotive Company (ALCO), Lima Locomotive Works and Baldwin, based on designs by the United States Railroad Administration (USRA). It was also known as the "McAdoo Mikado" in the US, after William Gibbs McAdoo, who was appointed as Director General of Railroads when the United States commenced hostilities during the latter part of World War I and the USRA was established. Of all of the USRA designs, the Mikado proved to be the most popular. The total American production was about 14,000, of which 9,500 were for local customers and the rest exported.〔Bruce, Alfred. (1952). ''The Steam Locomotive in America: Its Development in the Twentieth Century''. W.W. Norton, pp. 296–298.〕 "Mikado" remained the class name until the Attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. Seeking a more American name, "MacArthur" came into use to describe the locomotive type in the US, after General Douglas MacArthur. After the war, the class name "Mikado" again became the most common for this locomotive type.〔(Steam Locomotive dot com: 2-8-2 "Mikado" Type Locomotives ) - retrieved 26 October 2006. (Archived ) 2013-06-21.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「2-8-2」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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